At lest you should have mentioned the top 12 in the OP. Here they are:
1. Bitcoin BTC 2. Ethereum ETH 3. Binance Coin BNB 4. Stellar XLM 5. Ripple XRP 6. NEM XEM 7. Litecoin LTC 8. Komodo KMD 9. Monero XMR 10. Verge XVG 11. Tron TRX 12. Pundi X NPXS (taken from
https://coinswitch.co/news/12-best-cryptocurrencies-for-long-term-investment-2019-edition)
I don't know what to say except that the most secure long term investment is Bitcoin. All the others may fail. How did Verge and Pundi X got on that list is beyond me.
You have to know that tokens roadmap and market supply as well as. You also have to know the price of that coin and how many exchangers exchanging that coin. I think if you search those things correctly you can choose your best coin for investment.
Firstly, you have to decide whether you want be a day trader or a longer term investors/ holder.
With this settled, however, the cryptocurrency analysis concepts that every altcoin investor should be familiar with are Total Supply, Circulating Supply, Coin Price, Market Capitalization (popularly known as Market Cap), and Coin Price. Researching these will give you a better understanding of what is happening with the market.
Thanks