But the peer which has corrupted blk*.dat files will eventually be isolated as a lot of peers ban it.
Existed network nodes do not ask old blocks. So, your node will be fine.
Transaction validation does not require data from old blocks either.
So, if your UTXO database is fine - your node is also fine and robust.
The only thing you can not do is cloning.
mechanism to notify the peer which sends corrupted blocks
No reason to notify a daemon.