Any bitcoin-QT since 2012 idiot.
Nope wrong. There are none. If you can find one thats available right now I'll pay you 1BTC. I'm putting my money where my mouth is.
Oficiall bitcoin-QT will correctly identify spent coins even if tx id is modified by third party.
You can download from here:
https://bitcoin.org/en/downloadYou can send 1 BTC to 1ZePhramiDqjYJzqiyUFaY5qhz5k4unRC

LOL! It's vulnerable. I can change the transaction ID in the block still and if you are using the transaction ID to track the payment it'll appear gone to you. Your client will notice the new tx as it gets broadcasted to it but it won't "know" that its actually the other tx.
Of course the client does not "lose" the BTC, no client that I know of does that when the txid is changed in transit.