No, it is not possible.  Some forms of transaction mutation, like the ECSDA sign-inversion mutation, can't be distinguished from the original even if you have both of them side-by-side.

There are other forms of mutation involving alterations to the script.  There have been proposals to prohibit obviously-mutated scripts (like scripts with a bunch of no-ops stuck on the end), but going beyond the obviously-mutated scripts risks accidentally banning useful scripts or future uses of the script system not currently foreseen.

A middle ground is to come up with rules for preferred transactions (ECDSA sig has the preferred sign, DER encoding, only very basic scripts) and hold any non-preferred transactions until the next block to see if a preferred spend of the same outputs shows up.  But you can't force miners to do this and it's slightly contrary to their interests since they'd have to forego the transaction fee and essentially give it to whoever finds the next block instead of taking it for themselves.  Cooking up new rules also isn't the sort of thing you want to do in a crisis like the current situation.