What can Wright do with this?
Not a lot, really.
Registration is considered prima facie evidence of the claims in the registration if the registration occurs within five years of first publication. Thats not the case here.
Wright might have some problems suing for copyright violation for instance, if he wanted to sue those protocol developer groups he claims bastardized Bitcoin. The software was licensed under the open-source MIT License, which allows all manner of reuse, open or proprietary. The license text is:
Copyright (c) 2009 Satoshi Nakamoto
Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license, see the accompanying
file license.txt or
http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
The license granted is:
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the Software), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
That is the MIT License is explicitly a grant of rights to do whatever the hell you like with the software, as long as you include the notice text.
Open source licenses are generally treated as perpetual and irrevocable. There is also estoppel you cant release software, encourage its reuse, wait ten years and then sue people for using it under the license you released it under.
So its entirely unclear what Wright or nChain get out of this registration. Apart from unimpressed press coverage.