I've left the rig for more than 12 hours. I don't know how you disabled your updates but I can assure you that mine aren't running. The OS is running for more than a year and the build version is 1 year old, that's when I disabled them. I said that I tried with another drive, with another Win10 installation and it's the same.
A reboot doesn't fix the issue for a day or two. This happens 30 to 60 minutes after reboot.
The CPU is more than capable to run Win10. My main PC uses an I7-2600k which is 4 years older and it's running Win10 fine. Lots of new notebooks made in the last 1-2 years, which come with the "Win10 Compatible" logo have slower CPU's than this Celeron. The CPU is not the problem.