There are many coins which have in the past.

The most popular and recent one I can think of is Monero. They basically use the Cryptonite algo and due to the threat of ASICs and FGPA they had to fork to a slightly different algo about 2-3 times already. First it was the original Cryptonite algo, then Cryptonite V7, Cryptonite V8, and now its Cryptonite R. And from what I read they will change this algo every 6 months or so to defeat ASICS.

There are some smaller coins like Bitcoin Gold which switched from Equihash to a different variant of Equihash to make it mineable with GPUs but not with the ASICS which are all over ZEC.