This scenario with 10,000 stolen coins is unrealistic, but there is a more likely one when someone sends you a smaller amount of very tainted coins from darknet markets. However, I don't think it immediately means jail for a victim of such attack, they can build a pretty good defense if they can demonstrate that it was a public address known to everyone and that they don't have any illegal goods in their possession.

What is scary though that just like police plants drugs and other illegal objects on people in order to extort them, they can use this trick with coins in a similar way. In fact, this already happened in Ukraine when police was seizing mining equipment while accusing miners of sending money to terrorists, although these charges were never brought to court - the police simply wanted bribes from miners.