Nice, but not new ideas.

Here's the most recent thread on "fraud proofs": https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=137933.0.

For "partial verification", we'd need TXO commitments by miners.  Mark Friedenbach (maaku) recently implemented authenticated prefix trees for this, and Peter Todd has proposed an alternative data structure -- a so called Merkle mountain range (MMR) -- that may be more efficient.