Is the fee (0.00105 BTC in the example) always paid by and deducted from the sender?
Yes. Note that this fee was much higher than needed for this transaction.
Transaction fee is calculated by satoshi per byte (sat/byte). Fees are calculated by the size, in bytes, of the transaction.
That transaction spent 200 sat/byte, which is ridiculously high. What wallet are you using? Is it blockchain.com?
You can easily and somehow quickly confirm transactions with less than 30 sat/byte. If you are not in hurry (if you can wait 12- 36 hours) you can even send with 1-2 sat/byte