You sure there is an ext4 filesystem to be expected? (Just asking, no offence meant)
Otherwise I'd be keen to hear of any ideas from makrospex, I am getting a bit lost, the
loop part still doesn't let go on me.
Just as some therapeutic exercise, could you post the output of
dumpe2fs -h /dev/md0p1
(I am really just fishing for new ideas here)
At this point I need to ask: Did this contain a wallet that you didn't have backuped otherwise or any other unique and valuable data or just a synched btc node that you want to get back online without synching from genesis?