This is partly why I am concerned anytime I read about internet traffic getting routed through China temporarily in error as the Chinese government can capture the encrypted traffic and potentially decrypt it once they develop the technology to do so.
Bit of an aside, but China are probably the world leaders in quantum cryptography (using quantum mechanics to build quantum-safe solutions that are fundamentally unhackable due to the laws of physics). Have a look at their work with Micius, part of their QUESS (Quantum Experiments at Space Scale) project. They have already demonstrated quantum key distribution (QKD) wirelessly via satellite, generating a pair of entangled photons using an interferometer. Their aim is to have a global quantum network in place by 2030...
... and if they are that far ahead of the game here, I certainly wouldn't bet against them being first to develop a proper QC capable of real-world decryption.
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/06/china-s-quantum-satellite-achieves-spooky-action-record-distance