I think this is extremely likely in the next few years, irrespective of the COVID-19 crisis. China was catching the US rapidly anyway. Indeed China overtook the US on purchasing power parity GDP a few years back. http://statisticstimes.com/economy/united-states-vs-china-economy.php
I would not want the Chinese to rule the world. But most likely their economy will be the least affected by the epidemic. They were able to recover quickly, but the world continues to fever