If the exchange you are using accepts Lightning payments, then yes, you could send your bitcoin via Lightning and have it arrive almost instantly. Blockchain.com does not support this though, so you will need to look in to using another wallet. Lightning channels also need funded in advance by making a standard on-chain transaction, so you can't take advantage of a sudden price surge to sell immediately unless you have planned ahead and have your bitcoin already in an open channel.

The simplest option for you to avoid this kind of scenario in the future is to click "Customize Fee" within your Blockchain.com wallet, and pick a fee yourself based on how full the mempool is, rather than just accepting the fee that Blockchain.com tells you to use. Automated fee algorithms are notoriously inaccurate.