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Apophos, one of numerous extremely dangerous rocks.
https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/sentry/details.html#?des=99942https://cneos.jpl.nasa.govGeneral theory of impact speed calculation.
http://www2.mae.ufl.edu/~uhk/ASTEROID.pdfBut these rocks establish over millions of years, a resonance with the orbit of a planet. For example, one may precisely loop then sun seven times, while the Earth loops six times. This happens over and over.
From observations, we calculate the rock's elliptical path. Three observations is the minimum, and the more there are, the more precise the calculation becomes. First it is established that its path in the ecliptic crosses that of Earth (2D). Then it is only a matter of whether it passes in front of the Earth, or behind the Earth, or strikes the Earth.
Very interesting. Thanks for sharing this information. Found myself browsing about asteroids for quite some time on that CNEOS link
I am sure that SpaceX rocket tech would be useful for future studies of asteroids.