You can easily reduce the risk by investing only in IEOs that are created by real professionals. If the creators have successful projects in the portfolio.
The problem is that most of IEOs are not managed by professionals, they do not understand the problems what will come when they start developing the project.
This is the most appropriate alternative if we want to avoid fake and scam projects. By investing through IEO, of course, what is handled by the exchange top with a good reputation, we need not be afraid because it must have been analyzed by a team of professionals who are competent in their fields. Lately, fake projects seem so promising, fraudsters are very good at hiding their fakes.The problem is that most of IEOs are not managed by professionals, they do not understand the problems what will come when they start developing the project.
But keep in mind, join IEO which is handled by trusted exchanges with a good reputation like Binance. Ignore IEO on shitexchange, it's just bait.