Bitcoin is sometimes vulnerable like getting stolen from phishing sites, hacking and scamming other people is a form of damage to bitcoin.
Is there any chance that bitcoin can have an insurance from its vulnerabilities in the future?
All those situations you listed are not vulnerabilities of Bitcoin but rather a result of the actions of the person holding them. Bitcoin as a decentralized asset can not be insured directly, as this would have to be handled by a central authority with a sort of reserve put in place. Some large centralized exchanges offer insurance in cases of hacks, but storing your assets on a custodial wallet is not advisable.
Autonomy of your funds also comes with the responsibility to use the safest practice to protect it.