You might be able to use a P2SH address with a custom script that unlocks the coins if it meets some cryptographic condition that's equivalent to the copy of artwork being genuine. I have no idea what kind of condition will be suitable though, maybe the SHA256 sum of a digital rendering of the artwork?
Future scenario - If a heir to the artwork took the bitcoin wallet and transacted the bitcoins not knowing what it was for would the first wallet info exist in the blockchain or would it no longer show? I may hide a special checksum on the artwork to give some level of traceability.
It'll still exist but the input(s) of the address that represent the artwork will only be historical data in the blockchain. However this should still be enough to prove the rarity of the artwork.