We have miners that are distributed all over the world, as location of the miner is not constrained by the protocol, miners would migrate to areas where electricity is cheaper. Therefore the specific CO2 production will vary with miners based on:

- proportion of electricity obtained from the grid and independently generated
- What the average CO2 production is from their local electricity grid
- What the average CO2 production is from their independent electricity generation methods.

This data is hard to get without having some form of survey done on each one. And as since BTC is decentralized, it is difficult to survey everyone.

Factors to consider are:

• Since the last major bull run their has been a halving in the BTC reward (12.5btc to 6.25btc). The next halving is predicted to occur in 2024. This means that the profit a miner would have to spend on electricity would be less.
• The peak hash rate since the 2017 peak was approx 55 EH/s. It is currently approx. 126 EH/s
• Mining Rigs would have become more efficient meaning more hashes per KWh. I do not know the eff of state of the art mining rigs.

There are some insightful studies done in the realm of understanding BTC electricity consumption:

- https://digiconomist.net/bitcoin-energy-consumption/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214629620302966?via%3Dihub

So, I guess the question is, what is the feasible price of bitcoin when considering other objective functions such as environmental sustainability?