Bitcoin's price is decided the latest executed buy/sell offer on exchanges. Let's say 5 seconds ago someone bought 1 BTC for a price of $36,000 on Binance. Bitcoin's price on Binance would then be $36,000 (temporarily, until the next order executes, which should only take mere seconds).
Now, on a bigger scale(e.g. CoinMarketCap), Bitcoin's price listed there would be the average price of all the exchanges listed on CoinMarketCap.
Ok right. So the exchanges get the price by calculating the supply/demand thing. And then CoinMarketCap averages all of the prices across all exchanges.
Though not exactly the same, that's somewhat how Bitcoin's halvings work.
Ok wait I heard about this thing too. The bitcoin halving... Is that the same thing as a fork or something? And in the bitcoin halving, basically the number of coins that people who mine the blockchain receive becomes half right? And i've read that halvings correlate with intense boom and bust cycles that end with bigger prices. Why is that? And what effect does a bitcoin halving have on its price inflation?