Might be related here.  I also use Debian 10 64 bit and the 4.1.0 AppImage won't start either.  Electrum 4.0.9 sitting right next to it fires up just fine!  I am not on a machine to use a terminal right now.  4.1.0 AppImage was simply tested by right clicking permissions and making the Image executable.

Thought I would put this on your thread since both of us are using Deb 10 64 bit.