When we read article on mining, we get a term "solving mathematical puzzle". To get a block, miner needs to solve the mathematical puzzle and whoever can solve the puzzle will be able to get a block and thus the reward (I can be wrong technically, this is what I know).
What's this puzzle all about? What do miner exactly solve? Please try to avoid technical term if possible, I would like to know in easy way.
I think that these articles will help you find answers to all questions.
Kano(C)
Bitcoin mining details
https://kano.is/index.php?k=minedetThe simpified version:
Bitcoin mining
https://kano.is/index.php?k=miningBut I have no idea how to explain technical details without technical terms:)