Also, have you successfully received transactions from other sources? ie. Does Bitcoin Core shutdown when receiving
any transaction... or does it only do it when you are receiving a transaction specifically from a nicehash payout?

Just transferred from an exchange and successfully synchronized with v0.21.1 ... so the problem is always and only with Nicehash transactions in connection with v0.21.x
txid
e2df3a45b07736c35eb391f883d47a7ec8e1c0cec2353b251984ecc90f99c024
row 109