Well it specifies it pretty clear here:
https://support.ledger.com/hc/en-us/articles/360000380313-Manage-your-private-keys-own-your-crypto

And the Ledger package itself does clearly state to write down the recovery phrase, as it is your backup. Bearing in mind that a device can break, be misplaces, get lost or stolen, it’s paramount to do so.

Electrum alongside Ledger is a pretty good combination, giving the user more granular options than Ledger Live, whilst maintaining the private keys safely protected by the hardware device itself (thus it is required to be connected to operate on the crypto it protects).

Without the device or the backup phrase, there's no feasable way to recover your crypto.