By that I mean a 51% attack which double spends a handful of specific transactions, as opposed to a prolonged and sustained attack just mining empty blocks to censor the entire network, or something similar.
That's what I also meant, although indeed a state could do huge damage if it would manage to pull a sustained attack like you mentioned.
And yet all these coins continue to have volumes of billions of dollars and attract new users.
Ethereum had quite a blow back then. And the rest of the coins you've mentioned are imho speculation coins, so the comparison with Bitcoin may not be correct/good.
Provided that the 51% attack was short lived, and bitcoin continued to function normally afterwards, then there might be a hit to the price, but I don't think it would be the end of bitcoin.
I hope you're right. Or, even better, I hope that we'll never find out.