On the message age section, you can choose the periods you wish to search for, for example
Between 10 and 15 days, means you'll be searching for results older than ten days ago, but less than 15 days ago. With this, you can search within any timeframe you wish to, by just calculating the days interval.
This screen ought to be made more visible (ideally there should be
Advanced Search written at the top right on every page next to the search bar & button) because I honestly have never encountered this page all this time I was here.
Currently the only way you can access that page is if you type nothing in the search bar (which is not user friendly) or if you bookmark and go to this obscure URL:
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?action=search;