2FA I feel is not secure because if someone gets ahold of my phone, then that's not good. And if I lose my phone number, again not good.
What would be the most secure way where my phone or phone number being compromised would not result in my wallet being compromised?
Setup email, sms and 2FA security. That's the toughest security so far for Binance then add app lock security to your phone to get some additional security outside the exchange. It will take few days for hacker to break your account if ever your phone was stolen. You can just report to Binance support immediately to temporarily freeze your account if ever this incident occur to you.
Lastly, Don't leave your asset on centralized exchange so that you will not worry like this. Store it on wallet that you holds the private key so that no matter what happen to your phone. The hacker will not access your funds unless they find your key.