Bitcoin, the way Satoshi Nakamoto designed it originally, was not supposed to face such a situation in which nodes and miners are almost two different, sometimes conflicting, groups of actors.
I don't think so.
It is obvious that you can never prevent people from sharing a "computational work", and that's exactly what pools are meant to do. This is not specific to bitcoin or any specific algorithm, anything that can run in parallel (multiple threads) can also be expanded to run on multiple systems.
Satoshi also touched on this matter indirectly in his Email back in 2008 (before Bitcoin was launched) predicting that people will mostly run SPV clients instead of running full nodes and be mining bitcoin while it will be left to "specialized server farms" to do so.