Pools usually consider 100 - 120 confirmations as confirmed beyond a doubt.
I think that the bitcoin protocol enforces the rule that a mined block can't be spent until after 100 confirmations, that is, a transaction using the output from a newly mined block isn't valid if the number of confirmations is less than 100.
So, a mining pool can't pay for your efforts before the 100 confirmations, unless they extend credit.