I'd certainly agree that equality of opportunity is the aim. The issue is that in certain situations, you can't have that without forcing (or encouraging) some outcomes, at least initially, in order to address historic inequality of outcome.
Say you have a company with 100 employees, all white men. You have a job vacancy. The interview panel will be comprised of 5 white men. Two people show up for interview, a white man and a black woman. You can't argue that both have been invited for interview, therefore there is equality. The situation clearly favours the white male candidate, based on ethnicity and gender rather than ability to do the job. Say both candidates are good, perfectly capable, but the black woman would be 3% better at the job... do you really think they wouldn't hire the white male?
Then, the problem is not in the conceptual/design, but in the implementation or more practical domain. The solution shouldn't rework the design aka equality of opportunity (which is a sound idea IMO), but to make sure the design is correctly implemented. In case of some insist not implementing the idea, the natural selection will make the firm less competitive.
If my company has all white men employees, I'd fire my HR manager since he/she clearly doesn't do the job. IQ-wise, at least there must be a bunch of Asian in my company.
I sincerely believe that some cultures "should" transform and over time adapt to new times rather than disappear, because a culture is not only nourished by rights towards individuals from a social or behavioral point of view according to their beliefs, there is music, food, religions, culture is a complex pattern that concerns us but without doubt some aspects should be transformed.
No matter how you spin it, the "
female genital mutilation" culture and "
beat your wife" culture should be banished.