A well decentralized Bitcoin would still continue to run even if the whole space is covered in debris because it won't be dependent on only space or satellite. It's not even reasonable to only depend on space or few other means for internet. You will need wide range of internet sources to be considered properly decentralized. And it's better to use some sort of decentralized internet/intranet. Decentralization has to touch all areas of Bitcoin Network, not just in mining, running nodes, with network participants, internet etc. This is important to eliminate a Single Point of Failure for the Bitcoin Network/System. Properly decentralized also means it's anti-fragile and won't easily shutdown or break no matter what ia thrown at it. The only thing that can easily shut it down is a SUPREME BEING that is above all human intelligence and creations.
So, one of the best ways to prevent such scenario is to avoid depending on space or satellites alone