In Bitcointalk's journey to date, there are only 2 badges that I know of.
The first is the Badges for the 2019 Bitcointalk 10th Anniversary Art contest (which I own) and
the second is the Badges Bitcoin Pizza Day 2022 bake-of.
Maybe there will be some new badges that will be given by theymos as a reward for those who participated well in a contest.
As far as I know, there aren't other badges in the forum.
The only difference is that the Bitcoin Pizza Day 2022 bake-off is meant to be temporary, with a still undisclosed timeframe.
I hope to get to 10K merits wearing this badge!