According to many analyzes, inflation is caused by the printing of money by the Central Bank.
I think this is the main cause of inflation. However, the effect is not so easily observed in real life.
Central Banks are also able to control inflation increasing interest rates. When interest rates are high, inflation tends to go down.
It's all based on whether they can scare people away from spending money and make them save up,, especially in centralized institutions that can literally take money off the market.
When inflation is very high like 20% or more raising interest rates doesn't do much because people see the banks are giving them 10% on their deposits a year but they're still going to lose 10 or more to the inflation so it's better to keep spending and buying real life goods, gold, silver, jewelry, even cars because those are not going to lose 10% each year.
Situations like that could be observed in former Soviet Union countries in the 90s where people preferred to buy additional home appliances than hold fiat and they'd hoard washing machines, fridges and furniture.
When inflation is below 10% you can play around with rates. When it goes to 80% like it is in Turkey now it won't change anything. You're on your way to hyperinflation and the big reset of the fiat currency that happens usually at least once every 100 years.