i'm not really certain how to read the results, but if it helps for your troubleshooting thought I'd send it over. Really appreciate working through this, learning a lot regardless

Just reading; such logs are plain English and tell you exactly what's going on.
Some logs prepend a short label like 'INFO', 'DEBUG', 'ERROR' to allow people to scan it more quickly.
Errors are usually towards the end (because they cause the binary to exit); therefore I recommended the
tail command.
In this case, the error is:
bitcoin-cli not found.
I don't understand why FuturebitOS ships without bitcoin-cli. It's a small utility to interact with Bitcoin Core (bitcoind). Sure; it's not strictly needed for Futurebit, since they use RPC directly, but it's such a small binary that they might as well leave it in and prevent users such headache.
You could download the latest build and install bitcoin-cli from there: