Do I always have at least 10 minutes, 3 hours or 1 day to cancel the transaction?
Can't say how much time you have to cancel a transaction.
If your transaction has been flagged as RBF, as long as it is unconfirmed, you can replace it with a new transaction paying higher fee.
It's possible that your transaction is confirmed in a few seconds. It's also possible that it stays unconfirmed even after says.
I just want to add this the confirmation time also depends on the network it is sometimes congested which leads to other transactions being stuck on the mempool that is why there is RBF to remake the transaction with a higher fee.
All transaction with high fees is always in high priority.
@sekssonikk actually in Bitcoin you can't cancel the transaction what you can only do is to make/replace another transaction with the same inputs and increase in fee.