Maybe I'm wrong and they can't see that (due to a kind of stealth address, perhaps?), I unfortunately don't know the Monero protocol that well. If I'm wrong and miners can't censor anybody in the Monero protocol, then at least we can say that the problem is
theoretically solvable and that would be awesome

I don't know the technical details of Monero either, but as far as I know, miners can't know transaction details either.
Then of course the question would be: could such a mechanism also be added to Bitcoin eventually in a way censorship is prevented?
With concensus, I assume it can be done. But one of the reasons not to do it, is regulation. Governments won't like a secure private payment system out of their control.