Many people know and many people don't know what Bitcoin is and how it came about.  So I'll give you some of what Bitcoin is.
Bitcoin was the first widespread application
of blockchain technology. Bitcoin was
conceived as "peer-to-peer" electronic cash
for the internet, meaning that people can
exchange it without need fora bank, a
government, or another intermediary.
Transactions on the bitcoin ledger are
permanent, auditable, encrypted, and
distributed. Importantly, the Bitcoin
blockchain has never been hacked.
Since its inception, the supply of bitcoin has
been limited by design, and only 21 million
bitcoin will ever be issued. An increase in
bitcoin's value will not affect its supply.
Bitcoin has emerged as one of the only
verifiably scarce, immutable, and capped-
supply assets in the world, and it is attracting
investment as a "store of value" asset, which
is why some call it "digital gold." Like gold,
bitcoin is a potential safeguard against
macroeconomic trends and sovereign
currency fluctuations. But unlike gold, bitcoin
lives on the internet: It can be transferred
more quickly, it's easier to store, and it's more
easily divisible. Bitcoin also has more growth
potential than gold; its market cap stands
around $200 billion, while gold representsa
$12 trillion market.

And all the details of crypto currency are explained here. Check it out here.
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