The negative long term effect is that now the centralized exchange ecosystem is viewed as less trustworthy. FTX caused billions in damages, where's a guarantee that Binance won't collapse or Bitfinex? Without centralized exchanges Bitcoin's liquidity would be dead, it would be a small fraction of what we have now, and the price would also be small. FTX collapse could have brought attention of reguators, which might be good or bad, depending on if regulations would create merely more oversight or would hamper operations of exchanges.

But it's too early to talk about the long term effects. Time will tell, it may very well be not really significant.