I'm sure OP is thinking to Bitcoin, so it's ok for current level of talk to identify consensus with PoW, but for the sake of accuracy it depends on longest-chain consensus style, not on PoW leader election strategy.

The need to wait a number of blocks before considering finalized a previous one would apply in whichever uniform way we could choose the "miner", e.g. even in the "extreme" case of round-robin choice in a permissioned context. Or, as far as I know, Cardano using PoS on longest-chain as an analogous probabilistic finality concept.

I guess it's common to identify PoW with Longest-Chain cause it seems a bad idea to use it with BFT-style consensus, so everywhere you have PoW you also have LC