Widespread adoption of Bitcoin as the primary means of payment and store of value will affect the global economy by giving opportunity to the unbanked and underbanked the opportunity to participate in a global economy.

With Bitcoin as the primary means of payment, it will reduce the authority of traditional institutions as intermediaries on the transaction.  It may cause a huge loss to these establishments.

Obviously, the government has to accept Bitcoin as a mode of payment if not a legal tender, that way Bitcoin can be recognized by many merchants and stores, it will bring new potential income to the governent as new start ups arise taking advantage of Bitcoin as payment.

With regard to the distribution of wealth, I do not think it will change, the distribution will still remain imbalanced, with more wealth to those people who are pioneers or early birds, and obviously those who have the wealth has the power.  So I think it is just a change of hands when it comes to wealth and power but the system will stay the same.