Juventus is certainly unluckiest due to the points penalty that they received, they would have been at UCL next season if they could have won, that is a sad situation for them. However, it is also the teams at conference league that would be pretty unlucky as well, to meet Juventus a team that deserved UCL next season but you are a small time conference league team.
There is a 90+ percent chance of them winning it even today, sure by the end there could be some semi decent teams but I am pretty sure that none of them will be too good. This is why Juventus should be looking at the silver lining, if they are winning the conference league at the end of this season then that is going to be another cup, one that is not that important but better than zero cups at least.
Although it will be disappointing for them not to be in the Champion League next season, I think you're right that being in Conference League does not necessarily mean a team is bad or underperforming; there are many teams that wanted to be in that position but were unsuccessful; they still have a chance to succeed and earn a spot in the Champion League the following season because I'm confident that all the teams that qualify to Conference league, there are none that are good enough than juventus.
Losing a lot of points had a significant impact on their ability to qualify for the Champions League, but this will encourage them to practice more before the upcoming season.