1.I want to know more about the differences between full nodes and lightweight nodes in this transaction.
Full node, prune node: you have to download a full blockchain. With full node, you store all the blockchain data on your device. With prune node, after downloading a full blockchain, it will be pruned to a size you want and you only store latest data of the blockchain with your prune node.
Lightweight node is for SPV wallet, you don't have to download the blockchain.
The Bitcoin Network in Mastering Bitcoin.