The only thing Dortmund can achieve is to finish just behind Bayern Munich and that has been going on since the 18/19 season. It has been very consistent for Dortmund and they have repeatedly failed to win the bundesliga title in that time interval. Dortmund will always be able to compete with Bayern Munich and this is a fact in plain sight. I think it's just a matter of next season whether Dortmund will continue to consistently occupy second place or manage to break the curse and become the Bundesliga champion, only time can tell.
Everything will indeed be answered by time, although most people also have the belief that Dortmund can still win in the Bundesliga as long as Dortmund do not experience more defeats or draws in the matches they face so that Bayern Munich cannot catch up if Bayern Munich had made a small mistake that made Bayern Munich lost points. I'm pretty sure that next season Dortmund will still be much better than before and will also continue to compete to become champions with a strategy that might be slightly different from before.