if they come up with a way to
throw away all the X oldest blocks periodically then that could guarantee the blockchain never gets bigger than a certain size and then you could have block sizes as big as you wanted.

That doesn't sound good,
the only people it wouldn't sound good to is someone that is trying to use bitcoin to store jpegs.
but you can have a look at MimbleWimble.
what's Mimble Wimble got to do with blockchain size?
But still, there's no way BTC does a hard fork, unless something radical happens (SHA-256 collision, quantum computing etc.)
How about people get tired of a huge blockchain that's terabytes in size?