or he just used 127.0.0.1
Exactly. Use CTRL+F on file contents, you will get this address, and the main function, where localhost version is implemented.
to use your words: "written in stone" genesis MerkleRoothash value.
Satoshi used words "set in stone", you can read this quote:
The nature of Bitcoin is such that once version 0.1 was released, the core design was set in stone for the rest of its lifetime. Because of that, I wanted to design it to support every possible transaction type I could think of. The problem was, each thing required special support code and data fields whether it was used or not, and only covered one special case at a time. It would have been an explosion of special cases. The solution was script, which generalizes the problem so transacting parties can describe their transaction as a predicate that the node network evaluates. The nodes only need to understand the transaction to the extent of evaluating whether the sender's conditions are met.