1. What is the procedure for purchasing and selling Bitcoin, and are there any crucial elements to take into account before beginning?
Standard procedure is to create and use a reputable exchange account to buy Bitcoin and send to your very own Bitcoin wallet. You'd want to keep a few things in mind like the entry price and maybe some details specific to the exchange.
2. I'd appreciate an explanation of how Bitcoin mining functions and how it maintains the security and reliability of the Bitcoin network.
Bitcoin maintains the security of the network because it ensures that fraudulent blocks are not included in the chain and before any of the participating node can earn their reward, they've to do their bid.
If you want to delve into the technicals, give Mastering Bitcoin a read:
https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook#chapters3. Why is using Bitcoin better than using conventional currencies?
I think the biggest benefit bitcoin provides and pioneered is true borderless payments. Before now in my country, there was no way to send and receive payment without extensive checks at financial institutions. Now I can do that from the comfort of my home.