"The big question here is, can the world be 100% dependent on renewable energy sources? How can that be achieved and are they sustainable?"
Yes it can take place but lengthy period of time is required for it and you also know that economic situations are not stable in any country therefore its not very easy to be depended completely on renewable energy.
In our country many people transformed from electricity towards solar energy because as compared to the electricity the solar system is quite lower in cost. Although plant requires huge money but after that there is no such amount needed to pay bills etc.
transformation of renewable energy can be possible but it will also harsh effects on humans as well as on climate of the world because if we are moving towards new technologies then there are some benefits at start but later we know that harmful effect of such technologies also there.