Debt is indeed something that seems difficult, sometimes we feel why there are countries or companies that are still managing debts even though they can be paid off immediately, especially large countries like the ones above, of course it is not difficult to immediately pay off these debts and I think the influencing factor is because the country also needs debt to make financial ratios look normal.
The initial function of debt is for leverage (debt for leverage), but if a country depends on debt and there is more debt but the growth is slower, it means the debt has failed, so the risk of debt default is higher.
It is true that every country needs debt to accelerate development growth, but if there is too much debt it means a country does not have sovereignty, as is the case on the African continent.
Sometimes I think, what makes all countries debt is because all countries that have a central bank must have debt. Because the central bank itself circulates money to the public through debt. Government bonds. Can it be called a Ponzi scheme that we agree and believe in?