error: externally-managed-environment
Make sure you remove the APT installation beforehand.
sudo apt remove electrum
Then, a dirty fix since you have installed the app from the repository, delete a file.
sudo rm /usr/lib/python3.11/EXTERNALLY-MANAGED
As addressed in the reference you have linked in the above post, that particular file (and the warning) exists to prevent Python-related library mismatches. It's not an ideal way, but I believe it should be safe for your current usage.
After you delete it, continue with the installation command.
python3 -m pip install --user Electrum-4.4.6.tar.gz