You can get a loan on this forum and the lender does not need to know your identity. You will see services like that on the lending board on this forum. If you have collateral like altcoins, or if you are in a signature campaign, you get a loan on this forum.
But if the loan is through bank or those loaning apps, they will demand for your identity and if you default any loan, you will be reported in a way that other loaning sites and bank will know.
You are right, because this forum operates in a decentralized way. Why I said so is that nobody cares to know about your identity and they will also advice you to stay anonymous and that is why you must be in a signature campaign for the lender to be rest assured that you will be able to pay back. Apart from this forum, I don't think that there is anywhere that you will seek a loan from that wouldn't need your identity and your information. Whether be it online banking apps or our local banks or even money lenders. If they don't know your identity or have your information, it is like they are dealing with a ghost and how will you ask a ghost to repay his loan when you don't know how to reach him. In my country, you go in person to get the loan and if it is an online app, you must use your BVN in your application.